A Systematic Review of Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Description of Tobacco Control Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Countries; 2007 to 2014
Identifieur interne : 000404 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000403; suivant : 000405A Systematic Review of Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Description of Tobacco Control Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Countries; 2007 to 2014
Auteurs : Rachel Brathwaite [Royaume-Uni] ; Juliet Addo [Royaume-Uni] ; Liam Smeeth [Royaume-Uni] ; Karen Lock [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
To systematically review current smoking prevalence among adults in sub-Saharan Africa from 2007 to May 2014 and to describe the context of tobacco control strategies in these countries.
Five databases, Medline, Embase, Africa-wide Information, Cinahl Plus, and Global Health were searched using a systematic search strategy. There were no language restrictions.
26 included studies measured current smoking prevalence in nationally representative adult populations in sub-Saharan African countries.
Study details were independently extracted using a standard datasheet. Data on tobacco control policies, taxation and trends in prices were obtained from the Implementation Database of the WHO FCTC website.
Studies represented 13 countries. Current smoking prevalence varied widely ranging from 1.8% in Zambia to 25.8% in Sierra Leone. The prevalence of smoking was consistently lower in women compared to men with the widest gender difference observed in Malawi (men 25.9%, women 2.9%). Rwanda had the highest prevalence of women smokers (12.6%) and Ghana had the lowest (0.2%). Rural, urban patterns were inconsistent. Most countries have implemented demand-reduction measures including bans on advertising, and taxation rates but to different extents.
Smoking prevalence varied widely across sub-Saharan Africa, even between similar country regions, but was always higher in men. High smoking rates were observed among countries in the eastern and southern regions of Africa, mainly among men in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, and Zambia and women in Rwanda and rural Zambia. Effective action to reduce smoking across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly targeting population groups at increased risk remains a pressing public health priority.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132401
PubMed: 26162085
PubMed Central: 4498629
Affiliations:
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2007 to 2014</title><author><name sortKey="Brathwaite, Rachel" sort="Brathwaite, Rachel" uniqKey="Brathwaite R" first="Rachel" last="Brathwaite">Rachel Brathwaite</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Addo, Juliet" sort="Addo, Juliet" uniqKey="Addo J" first="Juliet" last="Addo">Juliet Addo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smeeth, Liam" sort="Smeeth, Liam" uniqKey="Smeeth L" first="Liam" last="Smeeth">Liam Smeeth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lock, Karen" sort="Lock, Karen" uniqKey="Lock K" first="Karen" last="Lock">Karen Lock</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Objective</title><p>To systematically review current smoking prevalence among adults in sub-Saharan Africa from 2007 to May 2014 and to describe the context of tobacco control strategies in these countries.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Data Sources</title><p>Five databases, Medline, Embase, Africa-wide Information, Cinahl Plus, and Global Health were searched using a systematic search strategy. There were no language restrictions.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Study Selection</title><p>26 included studies measured current smoking prevalence in nationally representative adult populations in sub-Saharan African countries.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Data Extraction</title><p>Study details were independently extracted using a standard datasheet. Data on tobacco control policies, taxation and trends in prices were obtained from the Implementation Database of the WHO FCTC website.</p></sec><sec id="sec005"><title>Results</title><p>Studies represented 13 countries. Current smoking prevalence varied widely ranging from 1.8% in Zambia to 25.8% in Sierra Leone. The prevalence of smoking was consistently lower in women compared to men with the widest gender difference observed in Malawi (men 25.9%, women 2.9%). Rwanda had the highest prevalence of women smokers (12.6%) and Ghana had the lowest (0.2%). Rural, urban patterns were inconsistent. Most countries have implemented demand-reduction measures including bans on advertising, and taxation rates but to different extents.</p></sec><sec id="sec006"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Smoking prevalence varied widely across sub-Saharan Africa, even between similar country regions, but was always higher in men. High smoking rates were observed among countries in the eastern and southern regions of Africa, mainly among men in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, and Zambia and women in Rwanda and rural Zambia. Effective action to reduce smoking across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly targeting population groups at increased risk remains a pressing public health priority.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, M" uniqKey="Eriksen M">M Eriksen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackay, J" uniqKey="Mackay J">J Mackay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, H" uniqKey="Ross H">H Ross</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gilmore, Abc" uniqKey="Gilmore A">ABC Gilmore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckee, M" uniqKey="Mckee M">M McKee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Telishevska, M" uniqKey="Telishevska M">M Telishevska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, R" uniqKey="Rose R">R Rose</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pomerleau, J" uniqKey="Pomerleau J">J 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Beyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brigden, Lw" uniqKey="Brigden L">LW Brigden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gilmore, Ab" uniqKey="Gilmore A">AB Gilmore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckee, M" uniqKey="Mckee M">M McKee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saffer, H" uniqKey="Saffer H">H Saffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaloupka, F" uniqKey="Chaloupka F">F Chaloupka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaloupka, Fj" uniqKey="Chaloupka F">FJ Chaloupka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yurekli, A" uniqKey="Yurekli A">A Yurekli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fong, Gt" uniqKey="Fong G">GT Fong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hald, J" uniqKey="Hald J">J Hald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Overgaard, J" uniqKey="Overgaard J">J Overgaard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grau, C" uniqKey="Grau C">C Grau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addo, J" uniqKey="Addo J">J Addo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smeeth, L" uniqKey="Smeeth L">L Smeeth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leon, D" uniqKey="Leon D">D Leon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Gav" uniqKey="Murphy G">GAV Murphy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asiki, G" uniqKey="Asiki G">G Asiki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ekoru, K" uniqKey="Ekoru K">K Ekoru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nsubuga, Rn" uniqKey="Nsubuga R">RN Nsubuga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakiyingi Miiro, J" uniqKey="Nakiyingi Miiro J">J Nakiyingi-Miiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Eh" uniqKey="Young E">EH Young</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Brathwaite, Rachel" sort="Brathwaite, Rachel" uniqKey="Brathwaite R" first="Rachel" last="Brathwaite">Rachel Brathwaite</name></region><name sortKey="Addo, Juliet" sort="Addo, Juliet" uniqKey="Addo J" first="Juliet" last="Addo">Juliet Addo</name><name sortKey="Lock, Karen" sort="Lock, Karen" uniqKey="Lock K" first="Karen" last="Lock">Karen Lock</name><name sortKey="Smeeth, Liam" sort="Smeeth, Liam" uniqKey="Smeeth L" first="Liam" last="Smeeth">Liam Smeeth</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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